BIENVENUE À L'UNIVERS FRANÇAIS!
BIENVENUE AU BIG BANG!
VOICI!
/vwa.'si/
BIENVENUE AU BIG BANG!
VOICI!
/vwa.'si/
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| Voici le Big Bang dans ta tête quand tu apprends le français! Here is the Big Bang in your head when you learn French! (VOICI = Here is) When you learn a new language, you must create a new universe. Commençons! Let's begin. ...................................BOUM!............................... ••••••••••••••••••••••Vocabulaire•••••••••••••••••••• |
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| l'univers.....la galaxie.....la voie lactée* /lu.ni.'vɛʀ/...../la.ga.lak.'si/...../la.'vwa.lak.'te/ *The Milky Way |
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| le soleil /lə.sɔ.'lɛj/
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| Ce sont les étoiles de la voie lactée! /sə.'sɔ̃.le.ze.'twal.də.la.'vwa.lak.'te/ |
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| C'est un astéroïde. L'astéroïde s'appelle Ceres. |
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| C'est une étoile. L'étoile s'appelle Betelgueuse. |
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| C'est une comète. La comète s'appelle Halley. C'est la comète de Halley /la.kɔ.'mɛt/
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| ce sont des nébuleuses /sə.'sɔ˜.de.ne.by.'løz/ |
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| L'espace /lɛs.'pas/ ***** |
Introduction à la structure de l'univers français:
LE, LA, L' et LES
*****
LE, LA, L' et LES
*****
On habite dans un univers des trois dimensions. Chaque mot (each word) en français est...
I. Singulier ou pluriel : NUMBER
A. SINGULIER: Singular, only one.
l'espace, le soleil, la lune, un météorite, une lune.
A. PLURIEL: Plural, more than one.
les planètes, les météorites, des étoiles, des soleils
II. Masculin ou féminin : GENDER
A. MASCULIN:
l'univers, le soleil, les soleils, des météorites B. FÉMININ:
l'étoile, la lune, les étoiles, des planètes
III. Marqué ou pas marqué : STATUS - la lune, une lune
l'étoile du Nord, le soleil, la lune, les planètes
B. PAS MARQUÉ: (ou INDÉFINI):
une étoile, un soleil, une lune, des planètes
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| Voici le soleil. C'est notre soleil. C'est notre source de la vie et de la lumière. Le soleil est masculin, marqué, et au singulier |
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| Voici les soleils de la planète imaginaire Tatoouine, dans le film américain «La guerre des étoiles» (Star Wars). «Les soleils» est masculin, marqué, et au pluriel. |
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| Voici le drapeau d'Argentine (the flag of Argentina). Au drapeau, il y a un soleil. (On the flag there is a sun) Article indéfini un = un soleil = 1 soleil. «Un soleil» est masculin, au singulier, et pas marqué. |
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| Il y a des soleils sur les tuiles (tiles) dans ma cuisine (kitchen). Ce sont des soleils magnétiques sur la porte (door) de mon frigidaire (my refrigerator). «Des soleils» est masculin, au pluriel, et pas marqué (indéfini). |
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| Voici la lune. C'est la lune de notre (our) terre. Le mot (word) «La lune» est féminin, marqué, et au singulier. |
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| Phobos et Déimos sont les lunes de la planète Mars. La planète Mars n'a que deux lunes (only has). Le mot «les lunes» est féminin, marqué (défini), et au pluriel! |
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| Io est une lune de la planète Jupiter. Jupiter a plus que (more than) dix-huit lunes! «Une lune» est féminin, au singulier, et pas marqué. |
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| Ce sont des lunes de Jupiter. «Des lunes» est féminin, au pluriel et pas marqué (indéfini). |
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| Try to think of each French word like a three-dimensional cube that you can hold in your hand. The three dimensions are number (one or more), gender (masculine or feminine), and status (selected or unselected). Every noun in French is a combination of these three. |
I. LE SINGULIER ET LE PLURIEL- Number
Is the word singular or plural? One or more than one? If we talk about one thing, one idea, or one person, then it is singular or SINGULIER. If we talk about things, ideas and people that are more than one, then the word is plural or PLURIEL.
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| Use le, la, l', un or une for the singular;Use les or des for the singular; |
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| Voici la comète. Voici la terre et voici la lune. La comète, la terre, la lune sont au singulier. Voici les météorites. Les météorites sont au pluriel. |
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| Voici l'espace. L'espace est aussi au singulier. La galaxie est au singulier. L'univers est au singulier. Le système solaire est au singulier. Mais (but) les galaxies, les étoiles, les systèmes solaires, les planètes, et les lunes de (of) Mars, Jupiter, Saturne, Neptune, Uranus et Pluton sont au pluriel. |
LA FORMATION DU PLURIEL: RÉGULIER
Anything that can be counted can be turned into a plural. Like English, just add the letter -s to the end of the word. That simple! Notice that the articles le, la, l' change to les. This may surprise you, but in some rural varieties of American English this actually exists! Just think of those hillbillies or rednecks on TV who say....Look at them stars!
"Look at them stars" is bad grammar in English, whereas in French it's perfectly good grammar: Regarde les étoiles!
"Look at them stars" is bad grammar in English, whereas in French it's perfectly good grammar: Regarde les étoiles!
IRREGULAR PLURALS: Like English (child and children; leaf and leaves, fish and fish, etc.), French also has its share of irregular plurals.
1. Words that end in -eau, -au, or -eu are made plural by adding -x, and not -s.
le château ➔ les châteaux (the castle and the castles)
l'oiseau ➔ les oiseaux (the bird and the birds)
le jeu ➔ les jeux (the game and the games) ✮ L'étoile
polaire
2. Once in a while you get an eccentric plural:
l'oeil ➔ les yeux (the eye and the eyes)
le ciel ➔ les cieux (the sky and the skies)
II. MASCULIN OU FÉMININ?- Gender
Everything and I mean EVERYTHING in the French universe has been designated as being either MASCULIN (masculine) or FÉMININ (feminine). If you already speak Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, or Romanian, this is easy to understand.
ÉLÈVE (Student): How do I know what is masculine and what is feminine?
PROF (Teacher): Some of the time you do, but most of the time you don't. You just have to learn them, one by one. The good news is that you can usually tell gender by some tell-tale signs, like the article, the word ending, or the context around the word itself:
1. The articles le or un tells you the word is masculin.
2. The articles la or une tells you the word is féminin.
3. You use the plural article les for both genders. This is when you sometimes run into trouble.
4. The article l' is used for singular marked nouns that start with a vowel regardless of gender:
le + univers = l'univers (masculin)
la + étoile = l'étoile (féminin)
This is also troublesome, even for people who teach French! Keep a dictionary handy!
III. MARQUÉ OU PAS MARQUÉ?- Status
If you are a native English speaker, you are now on safe ground. The other dimensions of number and gender may be unfamiliar, but the dimension of status is for the most part, very familiar to English!
How would you explain the difference between these sentence sets if you were teaching me how to speak English? Discuss:
• I need to go to the bathroom. vs. I need to go to a bathroom.
• Why do I say, " The sun is hot today" and not "A sun is hot today".
• If I said, "A cat entered the room. The cat was white. A cat was yawning" How many cats are in the room? How do you know?
• What is the difference between "a kingdom of Narnia" and "the kingdom of Narnia?
The correct grammatical term for this is ARTICLE DÉFINI (definite article) and ARTICLE INDÉFINI (indefinite article) which sounds pretty boring if you ask me. I prefer MARQUÉ (marked) and PAS MARQUÉ (unmarked).
I also like SÉLECTIONNÉ (selected) and PAS SÉLECTIONNÉ (unselected) because that is precisely what you do. If you move your cursor over this word -star- and click twice on the mouse or pad, the word -star- will be marked or selected and would look something like this: -star-
You can even select everything on your document.
That is why when you say "les étoiles" you can also mean "every star in the universe" depending on the context. I love this sentence:Le soleil est une étoile et les étoiles sont des soleils.
The sun (marked exophorically) is a star (unmarked) and the stars (marked - you mean "all stars") are suns (unmarked).
THE UNMARKED PLURAL ARTICLE "DES"
The article des is hard to understand because in English the concept is there but it is invisible! Grammarians talk about the existence of a "zero marking" or the "zero article" in English, like something that is supposed to be there but isn't, yet functions as a grammatical unit! If you don't believe me, go to Wiki! It's like studying Black Holes in astronomy! Anyway, my job is to make things simple to learn so....
In English you say: I bought an apple (singular). I bought two, three, four (etc.) apples (plural) or you can simply say
I bought apples.
In French you cannot say "I bought apples." You need to insert an article in front of apples to show that it is unmarked and plural. In English you can do this by adding "some".
I bought some apples.
Now you can say it in French: J'ai achété des pommes.
The word des has no real translation in English. The word some is a convenient approximation and will not change the meaning.
The real translation of des is an invisible function in English. By not putting an article you are declaring that the noun that follows is unmarked or indefinite.
"J'ai achété des pommes" really means "I bought Ø apples"
Have you had enough of this trou noir of grammar? Are you ready to escape from this black hole? Are you ready to jump through hyperspace?
1. Words that end in -eau, -au, or -eu are made plural by adding -x, and not -s.
le château ➔ les châteaux (the castle and the castles)
l'oiseau ➔ les oiseaux (the bird and the birds)
le jeu ➔ les jeux (the game and the games) ✮ L'étoile
polaire
2. Once in a while you get an eccentric plural:
l'oeil ➔ les yeux (the eye and the eyes)
le ciel ➔ les cieux (the sky and the skies)
*******
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| Voici la constellation de l'Ours Majeur (The Big Bear). En latin c'est «Ursa Major». Elle a un nom masculin et un nom féminin. On dit (People call it) le Grand Chariot, mais on dit plus souvent (more often) la Grande Casserole. On anglais, on dit «The Big Dipper». Au-dessus, il y a l'étoile polaire (Straight above is the North Star). |
Everything and I mean EVERYTHING in the French universe has been designated as being either MASCULIN (masculine) or FÉMININ (feminine). If you already speak Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, or Romanian, this is easy to understand.
 | |
| Use le, l', or un for masculine singular; Use la, l' or une for feminine singular; Use les or des for masculine plural; Use les or des for feminine plural. |
PROF (Teacher): Some of the time you do, but most of the time you don't. You just have to learn them, one by one. The good news is that you can usually tell gender by some tell-tale signs, like the article, the word ending, or the context around the word itself:
1. The articles le or un tells you the word is masculin.
2. The articles la or une tells you the word is féminin.
3. You use the plural article les for both genders. This is when you sometimes run into trouble.
4. The article l' is used for singular marked nouns that start with a vowel regardless of gender:
le + univers = l'univers (masculin)
la + étoile = l'étoile (féminin)
This is also troublesome, even for people who teach French! Keep a dictionary handy!
III. MARQUÉ OU PAS MARQUÉ?- Status
If you are a native English speaker, you are now on safe ground. The other dimensions of number and gender may be unfamiliar, but the dimension of status is for the most part, very familiar to English!
 | ||
| The articles le, la, l' and les are marked. They are officially known as definite articles: ARTICLES DÉFINISThe articles un, une, and des are unmarked. They are officially known as indefinite articles: ARTICLES INDÉFINIS ***** There are three types of definite articles: 1. ANAPHORIQUE or REFERS TO SOMETHING YOU MENTIONED A SPLIT SECOND EARLIER A. SINGULIER: Voici une étoile (pas marquée) L'étoile s'appelle Maia! (marquée) B. PLURIEL Voici des étoiles (pas marquées) Les étoiles s'appellent les Pléiades (marquée). 2. CATAPHORIQUE or REFERS TO SOMETHING YOU ARE ABOUT TO MENTION A SPLIT SECOND LATER A. SINGULIER: La République français. Le Royaume du Maroc B. PLURIEL: Les États-Unis d'Amérique ...les Nations Unis 4. EXOPHORIQUE or REFERS TO SOMETHING THAT YOU ASSUME OTHER PEOPLE KNOW WHAT YOU MEAN! A. SINGULIER La lune est belle ce soir. (marquée).*The moon is beautiful tonight. Le soleil est trop fort aujourd'hui* (marquée). *The sun is too strong today.B. PLURIEL Les étoiles sont belles ce soir* (marquée). *The stars are beautiful tonight. |
• I need to go to the bathroom. vs. I need to go to a bathroom.
• Why do I say, " The sun is hot today" and not "A sun is hot today".
• If I said, "A cat entered the room. The cat was white. A cat was yawning" How many cats are in the room? How do you know?
• What is the difference between "a kingdom of Narnia" and "the kingdom of Narnia?
The correct grammatical term for this is ARTICLE DÉFINI (definite article) and ARTICLE INDÉFINI (indefinite article) which sounds pretty boring if you ask me. I prefer MARQUÉ (marked) and PAS MARQUÉ (unmarked).
I also like SÉLECTIONNÉ (selected) and PAS SÉLECTIONNÉ (unselected) because that is precisely what you do. If you move your cursor over this word -star- and click twice on the mouse or pad, the word -star- will be marked or selected and would look something like this: -star-
You can even select everything on your document.
The sun (marked exophorically) is a star (unmarked) and the stars (marked - you mean "all stars") are suns (unmarked).
 |
| Voici un trou noir* - There are unmarked Black Holes in the English Universe! |
The article des is hard to understand because in English the concept is there but it is invisible! Grammarians talk about the existence of a "zero marking" or the "zero article" in English, like something that is supposed to be there but isn't, yet functions as a grammatical unit! If you don't believe me, go to Wiki! It's like studying Black Holes in astronomy! Anyway, my job is to make things simple to learn so....
In English you say: I bought an apple (singular). I bought two, three, four (etc.) apples (plural) or you can simply say
In French you cannot say "I bought apples." You need to insert an article in front of apples to show that it is unmarked and plural. In English you can do this by adding "some".
I bought some apples.
Now you can say it in French: J'ai achété des pommes.
The word des has no real translation in English. The word some is a convenient approximation and will not change the meaning.
The real translation of des is an invisible function in English. By not putting an article you are declaring that the noun that follows is unmarked or indefinite.
"J'ai achété des pommes" really means "I bought Ø apples"
Have you had enough of this trou noir of grammar? Are you ready to escape from this black hole? Are you ready to jump through hyperspace?
D'accord! On y va!
SOMMAIRE - SUMMARY
Voici une liste de vocabulaire - Here is a vocabulary list of things in the French universe that differ in number, status and gender. Here is the basic chart to remind you.
Cliquez
• Allez à la prochaine page - Go to the next page
• Retournez à la page précédente - Return to the previous page
• Allez à la table de matières, 1er Semestre - Go to the Table of Contents, 1st Semester.
• FRANÇAIS 1 - HOME-PAGE D'ACCUEIL
• TABLE DES MATIÈRES SEMESTRE 1
• TABLE DES MATIÈRES SEMESTRE 2
• KIT DE SURVIE
• JIS MOODLE FRANÇAIS 1 • POT AU FEU
• EXIT : ENTRÉE ET SORTIE
• Retournez à la page précédente - Return to the previous page
• Allez à la table de matières, 1er Semestre - Go to the Table of Contents, 1st Semester.
• FRANÇAIS 1 - HOME-PAGE D'ACCUEIL
• TABLE DES MATIÈRES SEMESTRE 1
• TABLE DES MATIÈRES SEMESTRE 2
• KIT DE SURVIE
• JIS MOODLE FRANÇAIS 1 • POT AU FEU
• EXIT : ENTRÉE ET SORTIE
Français 1-Unité 1, p. 6
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