Sunday, August 26, 2012

Fr 1.4 pp 89-92 Grammaire: le passé composé - Unité 4

UNITÉ 4 
L E     S P O R T    E T     L A    S A N T É
GRAMMAIRE
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L E     P A S S É    C O M P O S É
Les ruines d'Olympe en Grèce
SOME USEFUL PHRASES
We are going to talk about past time, events that happened in the past. Before we learn how to talk in past time, here is a list of useful vocabulary that you might need:
TEMPS ABSOLUE - ABSOLUTE TIME
Absolute time means that when we say "yesterday", we really mean "yesterday" in relationship to NOW.

DAYS       PHRASE
(-0)       aujourd'hui - /o.ʒuʀ.'dwi/ today
(-0)       ce matin - /sə.ma.'tɛ̃/ this morning (the past)
(-0)       à 6h30 (six heures et demie) ce matin - /a.si.zø.ʀe.də.mi. sə.ma.'tɛ̃/ at six o'clock this morning (the past)
(-?)       samedi dernier- /sam.di.dɛʀ.'njɛʀ/ last Saturday.
(-1)       hier - /i.'jɛʀ/ yesterday
(-1)       hier matin - /i.ˌjɛʀ.ma.'tɛ̃/ yesterday morning
(-1)       hier après-midi - /i.ˌjɛʀ.a.pʀɛ.mi.'di/ yesterday afternoon
(-1)       hier soir - /i.ˌjɛʀ.'swaʀ/ yesterday evening 
(-1)       la nuit dernière - /la.nɥi.dɛʀ.'njɛʀ/ last night
(-2)       avant-hier - /a.vɑ̃.'tjɛʀ/ the day before yesterday...
(-3)       avant-avant-hier - /a.vɑ̃.ta.vɑ̃.'tjɛʀ/ the day before the day before yesterday...
OU
(-3)       il y a trois jours - /i.li.ˌja.tʀwa.'juʀ/ three days ago...
(-7)       la semaine dernière - /la.sə.mɛn.dɛʀ.'njɛʀ/ a week ago/ last week
(-?)       le week-end dernier - /lə.wi.kɛn.dɛʀ.'nje/ last weekend
(-14)       il y a deux semaines - /i.li.ˌja.dø.sə.'mɛn/ a week ago
(-30)       le mois dernier - /lə.mwa.dɛʀ.'njɛʀ/ a month ago/ last month
(-60)       il y a deux mois - /i.li.ˌja.dø.mwa/  two months ago
(-365)      l'année dernière- /la.ne.dɛʀ.'njɛʀ/ a year ago

TEMPS RÉLATIF - RELATIVE TIME 
Relative time means that the past time we are talking about is relative to another time other than right now. "Yesterday (absolute) I walked to school, the day before (relative) I took a taxi." 

(-0)       ce jour-là - /sə.ʒuʀ.'la/ that day 
(-1)       le jour d'avant - /lə.ʒuʀ.da.vɑ̃/  the day before that
(-1)       la veille - /la.'vej/  the day before that
(+1)      le lendemain - /lə.lœ̃.də.'mɛ̃/  the day before that 

LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
Vénus de Milo - Musée du Louvre
In this lesson you will be introduced to past time in French. You will learn more about past time next year. Nevertheless, you will walk away from this unit with the very basics.



Here are a few verbs in the past tense to memorize. This is all you need to know for your level!
LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ DES VERBES EN -ER
The sentences below describe past events. In the French sentences, the verbs are in the PASSÉ COMPOSÉ and its English equivalents.

 Hier, j'ai réparé mon vélo.        
 Yesterday, I fixed my bicycle. 

 Le weekend dernier, Marc a organisé un boum.      
Last weekend, Mark organized a party. 

 Pendant les vacances, nous avons visité Paris.      
During vacation, we visited Paris. 

FORMS 
The PASSÉ COMPOSÉ is composed of two words. For most verbs, it is formed as follows:

PRESENT OF AVOIR + PAST PARTICIPLE 

For all -er verbs, the past participle is formed by replacing the -er of the infinitive by é :

jouer  ➔ jou(é)      Nous avons joué au tennis.   
parler  ➔ parl(é)     Éric a parlé avec le directeur.   
téléphon  ➔ téléphon(é)   Vous avez téléphoné à tennis.   
            
LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE

Every language has a different way of expressing past time. It may involve changing the verb some way (which isn't the case in Bahasa Indonesia!).  In English, we make a difference between "I dance every day" and "I danced yesterday" - we change dance to danced. Some of our changes are irregular. "I sing every day" becomes "I sang yesterday"...sing becomes sang, run becomes ran, have becomes had, etc." Can you imagine how difficult it is for a non-native speaker to learn English? He or she has to learn a different form for each verb!

The good news about the French is that they dropped that habit a couple of centuries ago. Past time in French is EASY. All you have to do is conjugate AVOIR in the present tense (or ÊTRE for a few exceptions) add the past participle and voilà!

We also do that in English, but with a slight different meaning which we also share with the French. Let's have a look at English first:

In English we say, "I have been to Paris" or "My father has been to Paris". We can also say "I was in Paris last month" or "My father was in Paris last month".

Can I say, "I have been to Paris last month?"

The answer is no. If you say "last month" you have to use "was".

In French we also say, J'ai (I have) été (been) à Paris or Mon père a été à Paris (My father has been in Paris). 

How do you say, "I was in Paris last month (le mois dernier)?"

Answer: J'ai été à Paris le mois dernier.

Wait a minute. How do you say "My father was in Paris last month? and how do you say "My father has been in Paris" .

Answer: The same thing! Mon père a été à Paris le mois dernier" and Mon père a été à Paris. The only difference is adding "le mois dernier".

That is how you form the past in French. The tense is calle Le passé composé.

AVOIR + PAST PARTICIPLE = PASSÉ COMPOSÉ

Compare: present tense vs. passé composé:



In sum, the PASSÉ COMPOSÉ, as its name indicates, is a "past" tense "composed" of two parts. It is formed like the present perfect tense in English.
USES
The passé composé is used to describe past actions and events. It has several English equivalents:


>>>>>>EXERCICES<<<<<<

VIVE LA DIFFERENCE
Caroline et Jean-Paul sont des copains, mais ils aiment faire des choses différents. Ils parlent de ce qu'ils ont fait ce weekend. 

➔ jouer au volley (au tennis)


1. acheter des cassettes (des magazines)
2. dîner au restaurant (chez moi)
3. inviter mon cousin (mon ami)
4. téléphoner à ma tante (à mon grand-père)
5. aider ma mère (mon père)
6. nettoyer ma chambre (le garage)
7. réparer ma mobylette (mon vélo)
8. assister à un match de foot ( à un concert de rock)
9. laver mes tee-shirts (mes jeans)
***
LA BOUM
Anne et Éric organisent une boum ce week-end. Florence demande à Philippe s'il a fait les choses suivants. Il répond oui.

➔ acheter des sodas?



1. acheter des jus de fruit
2. préparer les sandwichs.
3. nettoyer le salon.
4. réparer la chaîne stéréo
5. apporter des CD
6. inviter nos copains
***
UN JEU
***
DANS QUEL ORDRE?
Décrivez ce que les personnes suivantes ont fait dans l'ordre logique.

➔ nous (manger/ préparer la salade/ acheter des pizzas)  D'abord, nous avons acheté des pizzas. Après, nous avons préparer la salade. Ensuite, nous avons mangé.

1. Alice ( travailler/ trouver un job/ acheter un moto).

2. Les touristes canadiens (voyager en avion/ visiter Paris/ réserver les billets*)  *tickets

3. tu (assister au concert/ acheter un billet/ acheter le programme).

4. vous (danser/ apporter des disques/ inviter des copains)

5. nous (payer l'addition/ dîner/ trouver un restaurant)


***
LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ:
LA FORME NÉGATIVE
Compare the affirmative and negative forms of the passé composé in the sentences below:

AFFIRMATIVE:          NEGATIVE:
Alice a travaillé.          Éric n'a pas travaillé.
Alice has worked          Eric has not worked
Alice did not work         Erik did not work.

In the negative, the passé composé follows the pattern:

NEGATIVE FORM OF AVOIR + PAST PARTICIPLE

Note the negative forms of the passé composé of travailler:

OUBLIS
Things forgotten
Eric a décidé de faire certaine choses, mais il a oublié (forgot). Sabine demande s'il a fait les choses suivants:

➔ nettoyer ta chambre ?

1. réparer ta chaîne stéréo?
2. apportez tes livres?
3. étudier?
4. téléphoner à ta tante?
5. inviter tes copains?
6. acheter Paris-Match?
7. laver tes chemises?
***
Cliquez


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