ISM Français 1: FR 1 -Semestre I.I.8-3b. Vocabulaire utile.

Picture source: www2.csdm.qc.ca

DIALOGUE

PIERRE: Bonjour!

MARIE: Salut!

PIERRE: Comment tu t'appelles?

MARIE: Je m'appelle Marie. Et toi?
PIERRE: Moi? Je m'appelle Pierre. Ça va?
MARIE: Oui, ça va bien. Et toi? Ça va?
PIERRE: (Kidding) Non, ça va mal...
MAIRE: Pardon?
PIERRE: Non! Ça va bien aussi.
MARIE: (Laughing) Quel âge as-tu?
PIERRE: J'ai quinze ans. Et toi?
MARIE: J'ai quinze ans aussi.
PIERRE: Tu es de quelle nationalité?
MARIE: Je suis canadienne. Et toi?
PIERRE: Moi aussi. Je suis canadien.
MARIE: Où est-ce que tu habites?
PIERRE: J'habite à Jakarta. J'habite à Pondok
Indah. Et toi? Où est-ce que tu habites?
MARIE: J'habite à Menteng.

Questions et réponses - Questions and answers

QUESTIONS RÉPONSES

Comment tu t'appelles? Je m'appelle + name

Quel âge as-tu? J'ai + number + ans

Tu es de quelle nationalité? Je suis + nationality

Où est-ce que tu habites? J'habite à Jakarta.

Est-ce que tu as des frères
et soeurs?                             Oui, j'ai..................
                                                           OR
                                             Non, je n'ai pas de
   frère et sœur.

VOCABULAIRE UTILE - Useful Vocabulary

Bonjour! /b ɔ̃ 'ʒuʀ/ Hello!

Salut! /sa 'ly/ Hi!

Moi? /mwa/ Me?

Et toi? /ɛ 'twa/ And you?

aussi /o 'si/ too

et /ɛ/ and

ou /u/ or

Ça va? /sa 'va/ (How) goes it?

Oui, ça va bien /sa va 'bj ɛ̃ / It goes well.

Non, ça va mal /'n ɔ̃ sa va 'mal/ It goes badly.

Madame /ma 'dam/ Ma'am

Monsieur /mə 'sjø/ Sir

Mademoiselle /mad mwa 'sɛl/ Miss

LES CHIFFRES DE 0 À 33- The Numbers 0-33

# : numéro IPA Rhymes with English

0 : zéro /ze 'ro/ pay-roll (rhymes with ~)

1 : un /œ˜(n)/ uh (grunting sound)

2 : deux /dø (z)/

3 : trois /tʀwa (z)/

4 : quatre /'ka trə/

5 : cinq /s ɛ̃ k/ sank (same)

6 : six /sis/or /siz/ cease (same)

7 : sept /sɛt/ set (same)

8 : huit /ɥit/ wheat (same)

9 : neuf /nœf/or /nœv/

10 : dix /dis/or /diz/ the dies in diesel

11 : onze / ɔ̃ z/ owns

12 : douze /duz/ booze (rhymes with ~)

13 : treize /trɛz/

14 : quatorze /ka 'tɔʀz/

15 : quinze /k ɛ̃ z/ the Kans in Kansas

16 : seize /sɛz/ says like in sez

17 : dix-sept /di 'sɛt/ tea-set (rhymes with ~)

18 : dix-huit /di 'zɥit/ dee-zweet

19 : dix-neuf /di 'znœf/

20 : vingt /v ɛ̃ (t)/

21 : vingt-et-un /v ɛ̃ te 'œ˜(n)/

22 : vingt-deux /v ɛ̃ 'dø (z)/

23 : vingt-trois /v ɛ̃ 'tʀwa (z)/

24 : vingt-cinq /v ɛ̃ 'sɛ˜k/

25 : vingt-six /v ɛ̃ 'sis/or /vɛ˜'siz/

26 : vingt-sept /v ɛ̃ 'sɛt/

27 : vingt-huit /v ɛ̃ 'tɥit/

28 : vingt-neuf /v ɛ̃ 'nœf/

30 : trente /tr ɑ̃ t/

31 : trente-et-un /tr ɑ̃ te 'œ˜(n)/

32 : trente-deux /tr ɑ̃ 'dø (z)/

33 : trente-trois /tr ɑ̃ 'tʀwa (z)/

The IPA letter in green mean that this is the way you pronounce the numbers if they precede a noun that starts with a vowel.

Compare: deux hommes - /dø 'zɔm/ two men

deux pommes - /dø 'pɔm/ two men

You almost know how to say the date in French, but first you have to learn les mois or the months!

LES MOIS DE L'AN

THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR

janvier - /ʒ ɑ̃ 'vje/
***

février - /fe vʀi 'je/
***

mars - /maʀs/
***

avril - /a 'vʀil/
***

mai - /mɛ/
***

juin - /ʒɥ ɛ̃ /
***

juillet - /ʒɥi 'jɛ/
***

août - /u/
***

septembre - /sep 't ɑ̃ bʀə/
***

octobre - /ɔk 'tɔ bʀə/
***

novembre - /nɔ 'v ɑ̃ bʀə/
***

décembre - /de 's ɑ̃ bʀə/
***

Here they are all together. Say them out loud and make an effort to memorize them:

01 : janvier

02 : février

03 : mars

04 : avril

05 : mai

06 : juin

07 : juillet

08 : août

09 : septembre

10 : octobre

11 : novembre

12 : décembre

Now let's learn the days of the week:

It is helpful to know what the days mean! Sunday in English is named after the sun. In French, they say dimanche which originally comes from the Latin dies Dominica or "Day of the Lord" which was mispronounced by the early Franks, who said, in old French, something like diemenche.

dimanche - /di 'm ɑ̃ ʃ/ - Sunday

Corruption of the Latin dies Domini "Day of the Lord", which became "diemenche" in Old French, and finally dimanche. The Spanish say domingo and the Italians say domenica which is a little closer to the original Latin! The photo is one of the giant stained-glass rosettes of Notre Dame de Paris. In the middle of the rosette is Dominus or the Lord.

***

lundi - /l ɶ̃ 'di/ - Monday

The Romans named the second day after the moon: dies luna, which became lunedi in Italian, lunes in Spanish, and lundi in French. In Britain, the Germanic tribes of the Anglo-Saxons copied the Romans by also naming the day after the Moon: "Moon-day", thus, became Monday.

***

mardi - /maʀ 'di/ - Tuesday

The Romans named the red planet and the third day after Mars, the terrible and bloody god of war! Dies martis became martedi in Italian, martes in Spanish and mardi in French. The Anglo-Saxons were afraid to offend their gods, so they named Tuesday after Tiw, their god of war..

***

mercredi - /mɛʀ kʀə 'di/ - Wednesday

Besides being the messenger god, Mercury was also the god of money, business, and the most sought-after guide and broker between the worlds of god and man. The French and English words marché, market and commerce come from the Latin merx, a root word belonging to Mercury. The fourth day, dies mercurii was named in his honor and became mercoledi in Italian, miércoles in Spanish and mercredi in French. The Germanic god Woden was the most similar to Mercury, so Woden's Day became Wednesday.

***

jeudi - /ʒø 'di/ - Thursday

In Latin, the King of the Gods was called Jove Piter, which meant "Jove the Father" . For practical reasons the Romans shortened the name to Jupiter, just as Indonesians call their Monumen Nasional in Jakarta "Monas". Jupiter is the name of the largest planet in our solar system, a name befitting the King of Gods. The Romans named the fifth day after Jove: dies Jovis, which became jovedi in Italian, jueves in Spanish and jeudi in French. As Jove was in the habit of throwing thunderbolts from a cloud when he was angry, the Anglo-Saxons thought it would be appropriate to name the day after Thor, (who recently is getting a lot of media attention)! Thor thus became Thursday in English.

***

vendredi - /v ɛ̃ dʀə 'di/ - Friday

Venus is the goddess of Love and Beauty. Her planet appears as a star at sunset and at sunrise. The Romans named the sixth day after Venus: Dies veneris became venerdi in Italian, viernes in Spanish and vendredi in French. The Anglo-Saxons picked their goddess Freia to name the day Freia-day or Friday. Freia was the goddess of Marriage and the Home and was a little more like Juno than she was like Venus. Perhaps those stodgy Anglo-Saxon wives did not want their husbands to have any nonsense with the goddess of Love!

***

samedi - /sam 'di/ - Saturday

The Hebrew letters above (read right to left) spell SH-B-T or SHABBAT which means number seven or the seventh day. In English, we call this day the Sabbath, which comes from the Old Testament in the Bible when "God rested on the Seventh Day". Thus, the Catholic Church called the seventh day Dies Sabbati or the "Day of the Sabbath" to replace the pagan god Saturn, whose name was also on the ringed planet. Dies Sabbati became Sambati dies in Vulgar Latin, sambedi in Old French and finally samedi. The Spanish sábado and Italian sabato are closer to the original Latin. Funny how the Anglo-Saxons did not even bother to change the name dies saturnus to one of their own gods. The day remained Saturday, which was a day that used to honor the Roman god of Time.

***

Here are the days of the week again. Please learn these by heart:

dimanche
lundi
mardi
mercredi
jeudi
vendredi
samedi.

Now let's combine them with the months to write the date the way the French do! By the way, did you notice that:

The French do not capitalize their days or months. In English, you write Monday and September; in French you write lundi and septembre.
The only time you capitalize is when you begin a new line with the day:
Lundi, le 30 avril

You only capitalize lundi because you always capitalize the first letter in a sentence, just like you do in English:
Monday, April 30.
Did you notice the other difference? It's all about word order! In English, the month usually goes before the date (it varies, of course). However, in French, the date ALWAYS goes before the month and is preceded by the word le which means "the":

Day, + le + (premier/ deux, trois, etc.) + month
One little rule: always write the first of the month with "le premier" or "the first (of)" You abbreviate "premier" by writing it 1er. That's all you have to remember:

Example: Mardi, le 1er mai

Everything else is easy:

                Mercredi, le 2 (deux) mai.
             Jeudi, le 3 mai.
            Vendredi, le 4 mai.
Don't worry about the year yet. You'll first have to learn to count to beyond a thousand before you are able to say 2012. One step at a time. But if you're that impatient, well.......

Read the year 2012 by first saying "deux mille..... which means "two thousand". You know how to say the rest. You say 2012 by saying "deux mille douze" and 2013 by saying "deux mille treize" Are you following me?
The date at the time of writing this blog:

Dimanche, le 29 avril 2012
"Dimanche, le vingt-neuf avril, deux mille douze."
Sometimes the French like to use this formula for the date.
Instead of the day, they put the city they are writing from:

À + city, + le + (1er, 2, 3, etc) + month + year

À Jakarta, le 29 avril 2012